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- <text id=90TT2984>
- <title>
- Nov. 08, 1990: Work That Body!
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 08, 1990 Special Issue - Women:The Road Ahead
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SELF & SOCIETY, Page 68
- FITNESS
- Work That Body!
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Fewer curves, more muscles: a sweat-soaked revolution redefines
- the shape of beauty
- </p>
- <p>By Sally B. Donnelly--With reporting by Janice M.
- Horowitz/New York and Elaine Lafferty/Los Angeles
- </p>
- <p> I am strong. I am invincible. I am woman.
- </p>
- <p>-- I Am Woman
- </p>
- <p> When Helen Reddy belted out her 1972 hit, she had no idea
- it would pump up women. Not only did the song become the
- unofficial anthem of the feminist movement, but women and girls
- seemed to take the words literally and headed off to the gym.
- In the two decades since, female attitudes toward fitness and
- athletics have undergone a vigorous shake-up. Across the
- country, women are working out, running hard, even pumping iron.
- And they are doing it not just to look attractive but also to
- gain strength and a sense of self-sufficiency. They have
- discovered the secret pleasures long enjoyed by athletic men:
- the heady, sweaty, solitary joy of hard physical exercise and
- the rosy, relaxed afterglow that follows it. "Sports and
- exercise make you feel better," says Gail Weldon, who runs the
- Women's Traac Health Club in Los Angeles. "Women want to be more
- in control of their bodies."
- </p>
- <p> All the sweating and grunting has redefined the cultural
- parameters of female attractiveness--away from soft curves
- toward a more athletic body. For proof, just compare pop icon
- Madonna to her prototype, Marilyn Monroe. On her Blond Ambition
- tour, Madonna flashed chiseled biceps and deltoids, so
- impressing one Los Angeles critic that he wrote that instead of
- the customary audience call for "Author! Author!" the cry from
- Madonna's fans should be "Fitness trainer! Fitness trainer!"
- Tennis ace Martina Navratilova also notes the changing
- standards. When the Czechoslovak-born athlete defected to the
- U.S. in 1975, she was so embarrassed by her powerful build that
- she favored baggy, concealing clothes. "I was always covering
- up my arms because I have these big veins," she recalls, "and
- I didn't want anyone to see my shoulders." Now that muscles are
- in, Navratilova doesn't hesitate to appear in a tank top. "I
- don't seem as big anymore because other women are bigger!"
- </p>
- <p> The sweat-soaked revolution is borne out by statistics: more
- than 62% of women over age 18 exercise regularly. According to
- a 1990 survey by the Melpomone Institute in St. Paul, which
- studies females and exercise, women also make up more than half
- the participants in the eight most popular sports in the U.S.,
- including 95% of the 15 million people who do aerobics.
- </p>
- <p> Baby boomers led the change. Growing up with the feminist
- movement, they wanted not only to work alongside men on the
- trading-room floor but also to play alongside them on the gym
- floor. "I started working out to get stronger," explains Sidney
- Perry, 39, a Portland, Ore., wardrobe stylist. "I wanted to be
- my own person." Other previously nonathletic women were swept
- up by the more general fitness movement. "I used to think there
- were two classes of people: athletes and the rest of us," says
- Nancy Crichlow, 29, a sales assistant in Houston who now works
- out regularly. Improved health is another motivator; regular
- exercise helps prevent osteoporosis and other age-related
- ailments.
- </p>
- <p> Though it came too late for most boomers, the U.S.
- government gave a boost to women's athletics with the 1972 Title
- IX Amendment, which prohibited sex discrimination in federally
- funded educational institutions. The act helped encourage girls
- to go into sports by providing college scholarships and spurring
- the organization of girls' athletic teams. Since 1975, the
- number of girls' track-and-field competitors has grown sixfold.
- By 1989 there were 130,000 women competing in collegiate sports
- throughout the U.S., in contrast to 32,000 in 1972.
- </p>
- <p> Encouraging as that sounds, there are some troubling gaps
- in the fitness boom. Exercise continues to be primarily a
- concern of the well off and well educated. A federal study this
- past summer reported that only 7% of low-income Americans
- exercise regularly. Nor have the workouts trimmed the obesity
- rate: 1 in 4 U.S. women age 35 to 64 is obese. And as much as
- the ideal body image has changed, there is still a lingering
- fear that women will begin to look like Arnold Schwarzenegger.
- Sports columnist Ira Berkow, for instance, wrote approvingly in
- the New York Times that tennis star Jennifer Capriati is
- "ladylike" and "nicely toned without looking muscular."
- </p>
- <p> Such antiquated ideas are going the way of the
- vibrating-band contraption our mothers once used to battle the
- bulge. Women are working those bodies as never before, and not
- so much to impress a man as to impress the person flexing in the
- mirror. "Working out is a way of life for me," says Lorri
- Sparks, 37, athletic director of New York City's Downtown
- Athletic Club. "Sometimes I'd rather work out with a man than
- even have sex." Not everyone adopts that hard-core approach, but
- many are sympathetic: they are women; they are getting strong;
- and they feel damn near invincible.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-